Cancer de Mama: A Comprehensive Overview by the World Health Organization (WHO)
Understanding cancer de mama, or breast cancer, is crucial for early detection and effective treatment. The World Health Organization (WHO) provides a wealth of information on this prevalent form of cancer. Let’s delve into the details of breast cancer, its symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, as outlined by the WHO.
Understanding Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow abnormally and rapidly. These cells can form a mass called a tumor. The WHO states that breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases diagnosed in 2020.
Symptoms and Signs
Recognizing the symptoms and signs of breast cancer is essential for early detection. According to the WHO, common symptoms include a lump or thickening in the breast, change in the size or shape of the breast, dimpling of the skin, nipple retraction, discharge from the nipple, and redness or scaliness of the nipple or breast skin.
Risk Factors
Several risk factors contribute to the development of breast cancer. The WHO highlights the following key risk factors:
| Risk Factor | Description |
|---|---|
| Gender | Women are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer than men. |
| Age | The risk of breast cancer increases with age, especially after menopause. |
| Family History | A personal or family history of breast cancer can increase the risk. |
| Genetic Factors | Genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can increase the risk of breast cancer. |
| Obesity | Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of breast cancer. |
| Menstrual and Reproductive Factors | Early menstruation, late menopause, and having no children can increase the risk. |
Diagnosis
Diagnosing breast cancer involves a combination of physical exams, imaging tests, and biopsies. The WHO recommends the following diagnostic methods:
- Mammography: An X-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities in the breast tissue.
- Ultrasound: A non-invasive imaging technique that uses sound waves to create images of the breast.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast.
- Biopsy: A procedure to remove a small tissue sample from the breast for examination under a microscope.
Treatment
The treatment for breast cancer depends on various factors, including the stage of the cancer, the type of cancer, and the patient’s overall health. The WHO outlines the following treatment options:
- Surgery: Removing the tumor and surrounding tissue, such as a lumpectomy or mastectomy.
- Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body.
- Radiotherapy: Using high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
- Hormonal Therapy: Using drugs to block the effects of hormones that can fuel the growth of breast cancer cells.
- Targeted Therapy: Using drugs that target specific molecules involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells.
Prevention
While some risk factors for breast cancer cannot be changed, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk. The WHO suggests the following prevention strategies:
- Stay active: Regular physical activity can help maintain a healthy weight and reduce the risk of breast cancer.
- Limit alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer, so limiting alcohol intake can help reduce the risk.
